Latvia Human Development Report 1995
Table Of ContentsAuthors
Executive Summary
Chapter 1.
Human Development and the Transition in Latvia
- Latvia in Transition
- Basic Facts about Latvia
- The Concept of Human Development
- The Human Development Index (HDI)
- The Global Relevance of Human Development
- The Relevance of Human Development in Latvia
- The Process of Formulation of the Human Development Report for Latvia
Chapter 2
The Development of a Multi-Ethnic Society
- Demographic Processes
- Ethnic Political Representation
- Ethnicity and the Economy
- Language Knowledge
- Language in the Educational System
- The Renewal of the Minority Cultural Infrastructure
- Future Prospects and the Promotion of Integration
Chapter 3
The Integration of Marginal/Vulnerable Groups
- Orphans and Children Without Parental Support and Supervision
- People With Physical Disabilities
- People With Mental Disabilities
- The Elderly
- Former Prisoners
- Conclusion
Chapter 4
Women in TransitionChapter 5
The Emergence of Civil Society
- Economic Civil Society: The Growth of the Private Sector
- The Media
- Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs)
- Governmental Reform and the Legacy of "Learned Helplessness"
- Box 5.1 Religious Organizations: A Source of Stability
- Box 5.2 Human Rights in Latvia: The Role of the International Community, the Government, and Non-Governmental Organizations
Chapter 6
Declining Incomes and Rising Poverty
- The Economic Crisis and the Decline in GDP
- Monetary Incomes and Inflation
- Income Differentiation and Social Stratification
- Problems Caused by Low Incomes and Rising Poverty
- The Efforts of the Government and Society in Alleviating Poverty
- Improving the Current Situation
Chapter 7
Rising Unemployment
- Official and Hidden Unemployment
- Regional and Urban/Rural Aspects of Unemployment
- The Role of Small Enterprise Development in Reducing Unemployment
- Education and Retraining of the Unemployed
- The Role of the State in Reducing Unemployment
- SES Priorities in 1995
Chapter 8
Deteriorating Health
- Mortality and Morbidity
- The Health Care System and Popular Concern for Health
- Policy Alternatives for Improving the State of Health
Chapter 9
Rising Crime
- 1994: The Year the Official Crime Rate Stabilized
- The Rapid Growth of Violent Crime
- Factors Facilitating Crime
- The Development of Organized Crime
- Preventing and Combating Crime
Conclusion
Appendix Tables
Bibliography
Boxes
- 4.1 Women's Organizations in Latvia
- 5.1 Religious Organizations: A Source of Stability
- 5.2 Human Rights in Latvia: The Role of the International Community, the Government, and Non-Governmental Organizations
Tables and Figures
- 1.1 Basic Facts About Latvia
- 2.1 Distribution of the Population by Citizenship and Ethnicity, March 1995
- 3.1 Official Crisis Subsistence Minimum as Compared to Social Benefits, 1 January 1995 (Lats)
- 3.2 Number of Children Admitted to Child Care Centers, 1990-1994
- 3.3 Developmental Condition of Children in Orphanages and Children's Homes, 1 January 1995
- 3.4 People With Physical Disabilities by Category, 1 January 1995
- 3.5 Employment Rate of People with Physical Disabilities, 1993-1995
- 3.6 Municipal Home Care of the Elderly, 1994-1995
- 3.7 Distribution of Prisoners by Age, 1990-1994
- 3.8 Number of Prisoners Released, 1990-1994
- 3.9 Educational Attainment of Prisoners, 25 February 1995
- 4.1 Distribution of the Population by Sex and Age, 1994
- 4.2 The Distribution of the Sexes in the Employment Structure, 1st Quarter 1994
- 4.3 Average Monthly Salary by Sex in Various Sectors of the Economy, 1st Quarter 1994
- 4.4 Women's Participation in Government, 1994
- 4.5 Distribution of Households According to Income and Calorie Consumption, 1993
- 4.6 Structure of Household Monetary Incomes and Expenditures, 1985- 1993 (%)
- 4.7 Weekly Time Use of the Employed, Urban Population by Gender, 1987 (Hours)
- 5.1 Percentage of the Total Work Force Employed in the Private Sector, 1992-1994
- 5.2 Largest National Newspapers and Estimated Circulation, March 1995
- 5.3 Registered Social Organizations in Latvia, March 1995
- 6.1 Latvia's Per Capita GDP in 1993 Prices, 1990-1994 (Lats)
- 6.2 Average Income in Lats Per Family Members and the Consumer Price Index, 1991-1994
- 6.3 Structure of Household Monetary Income Per Family Member, 1993- 1994 (Lats)
- 6.4 Structure of Expenditures Per One Family member by Decile, 1993- 1994 (Lats)
- 7.1 Distribution of the Unemployed by Age and Sex, 1993-1995 (In Thousands)
- 7.2 Distribution of the Unemployed by Ethnicity, end 1994
- 7.3 Distribution of the Unemployed by Education, 1993-1995 (In Thousands)
- 7.4 The Composition of the Unemployed in Study and Retraining Programmes by Age and Education
- 8.1 Infant Mortality in Latvia, 1989, 1991, 1993
- 8.2 Causes of Death Per 100,000 Inhabitants of Latvia, 1989, 1991, 1993
- 8.3 Mortality from Diseases of the Circulatory System, 1993 (Per 100,000 Inhabitants)
- 8.4 Traffic Accidents in Neighboring Countries and Denmark, 1992
- 8.5 The Incidence of Diphtheria in Latvia, 1986-1994
- 8.6 The Incidence of Tuberculosis per 100,000 Inhabitants, 1992-1993
- 8.7 Patients with Sexually Transmitted Diseases, 1985, 1991, 1993
- 8.8 The Incidence of Viral Hepatitis per 100,000 Inhabitants, 1991-1993
- 8.9 Breast-Feeding in Latvia, 1992-1993
- 9.1 Recorded and Solved Crimes in Latvia, 1984-1994
- 9.2 The Total Number of Violent Crimes in Latvia, 1990-1994
- 9.3 The Distribution of Solved and Unsolved Crimes by Type of Crime, 1994
Maps
